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1.
Hematol., Transfus. Cell Ther. (Impr.) ; 45(3): 324-329, July-Sept. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514168

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGvHD) not only remains the main cause of late mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant, but also has the capacity of causing severe organ impairment in those who survive. The Notch, a highly conserved ligand-receptor pathway, is involved in many immunological processes, including inflammatory and regulatory responses. Recently, mouse models have shown that the blockage of canonical Notch signaling prevents GvHD. Objective and Method: Due to the lack of data on the Notch pathway in human chronic GvHD, we sought to study the expression of NOTCH components in primary samples of patients who received allo-HCT and presented active cGvHD or a long-term clinical tolerance to cGvHD. Results: Our results showed a significantly lower expression of NOTCH components in both groups that received allo-HCT, independently of their cGvHD status, when compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Moreover, there were no differences in gene expression levels between the active cGvHD and clinically tolerant groups. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies performed in human primary samples and our data indicate that much remains to be learned regarding NOTCH signaling as a new regulator of GvHD.

2.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 36: e20220217, jun.2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521004

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Ischemic stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are cardiovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates in Brazil and worldwide. Their outcomes are influenced by public policies aimed at mitigating risk factors and by investments in infrastructure of emergency support and quality of hospital care. Objective To analyze the trend in the proportion of in-hospital deaths from ischemic stroke and AMI in Brazil as a way of evaluating the effectiveness of urgency and emergency services. Methods Ecological time series study using data from the Hospital Information System. The outcome was the proportion of in-hospital deaths from ischemic stroke and AMI with stratification by sex and state. Prais-Winsten regression was used to analyze the trend between 1998-2018 with α≤0,05. Results The proportion of deaths from AMI and ischemic stroke declined in the time series (p<0.001), decreasing annually by 0.17% and 0.25%, respectively. In 20 years, it reduced 43.76% (ischemic stroke) and 32.39% (AMI) in both sexes. However, the decline was more evident in the South and Southeast regions. Conclusion The reduction in hospital deaths from AMI and ischemic stroke was heterogeneous among Brazilian regions, which may be related to inequality in emergency services and hospital support.

3.
Rev. bras. med. fam. comunidade ; 17(44): e3420, 20220304. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1395997

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Complicações diabéticas são condições preveníveis em sua maioria, sendo o pé diabético uma das mais comuns. O manejo adequado do pé diabético mitiga eventos incapacitantes e maiores gastos ao sistema de saúde. As intervenções efetivas na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) possibilitam prevenir as complicações diabéticas. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência das complicações do pé diabético e sua relação com a cobertura da APS nas capitais brasileiras, entre 2008 e 2018. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais das incidências acumuladas de complicações do pé diabético nas 27 capitais utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Hipertensos e Diabéticos. As variáveis independentes foram ano, cobertura da APS e da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Empregou-se modelo de regressão de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: No Brasil, ocorreram 45.095 casos de complicações do pé diabético no período, com média de 0,57 casos/100.000 habitantes (p<0,001) ­ estável em 14 capitais (p>0,05) e crescente em 13 capitais (p<0,05). Há associação entre elevação do nível de cobertura da APS e estabilidade na evolução das complicações diabéticas (p<0,05). Conclusões: Evidencia-se aumento da ocorrência das complicações do pé diabético, contudo, nas capitais com crescimento da cobertura da APS, houve controle da progressão.


Introduction: Diabetic complications are mostly preventable conditions, the diabetic foot being one of the most common. Proper management of the diabetic foot mitigates disabling events and higher costs to the health system. Effective interventions in Primary Health Care (PHC) make it possible to prevent diabetic complications. The care scenario for preventing diabetic complications is Primary Health Care (PHC). Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of diabetic foot complications and their relationship with PHC coverage in Brazilian capitals, between 2008 and 2018, and the relationship between them. Methods: An ecological time-series study of the cumulative incidences of diabetic foot complications in the 27 capitals using data from the Information System on Hypertensive and Diabetic Patients. The independent variables were year, PHC coverage and the family health strategy (ESF). A Prais-Winsten regression model was used. Results: In Brazil, there were 45,095 cases of diabetic foot complications in the period, with an average of 0.57 cases/100,000 inhabitants (p<0.001), being stable in 14 capitals (p>0.05) and 13 increasing capitals (p<0.05). There is an interaction between the increase in the level of PHC coverage and stability in the evolution of diabetic complications (p<0.05). Conclusions: Despite the increase in the occurrence of diabetic foot complications, however, in the capitals with growth in PHC coverage, there was control of the progression of diabetic foot complications.


Introducción: Las complicaciones diabéticas son en su mayoría condiciones prevenibles, siendo el pie diabético una de las más comunes. El manejo adecuado del pie diabético mitiga eventos incapacitantes y mayores costos al sistema de salud. Intervenciones efectivas en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS) permiten prevenir las complicaciones diabéticas El escenario asistencial para la prevención de las complicaciones diabéticas es la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS). Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal de las complicaciones del pie diabético y su relación con la cobertura de la APS en las capitales brasileñas, entre 2008 y 2018, y la relación entre ellas. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de serie temporal de las incidencias acumuladas de complicaciones del pie diabético en las 27 capitales utilizando datos del Sistema de Información de Pacientes Hipertensos y Diabéticos. Las variables independientes fueron el año, la cobertura de la APS y la estrategia de salud de la familia (ESF). Se utilizó un modelo de regresión de Prais-Winsten. Resultados: En Brasil, hubo 45.095 casos de complicaciones del pie diabético en el período, con una media de 0,57 casos/100.000 habitantes (p<0,001), manteniéndose estable en 14 capitales (p>0,05) y 13 capitales crecientes (p<0.05). Existe una interacción entre un aumento en el nivel de cobertura de la APS y la estabilidad en la evolución de las complicaciones diabéticas (p<0,05). Conclusiones: A pesar del aumento en la ocurrencia de complicaciones del pie diabético, sin embargo, en las capitales con crecimiento en la cobertura de la APS, hubo control de la progresión de las complicaciones del pie diabético.


Subject(s)
Time Series Studies , Diabetic Foot , Diabetes Complications , Primary Health Care , Ecological Studies
4.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 35(2): 243-252, Mar.-Apr. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1364985

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Atherosclerosis is a serious health problem, and several factors contribute to its occurrence. Longitudinal and qualified monitoring of primary health care (PHC) may contribute to the management of atherosclerosis and reduction of avoidable hospital admissions. Objectives: To estimate the trend in hospitalizations for atherosclerosis and the impact of PHC coverage on its evolution from 2008 to 2018 in Brazil. Methods: An ecological time series analytical study based on the outcomes of hospital admissions for atherosclerosis in Brazil. Time in years, PHC coverage, and Family Health Strategy (FHS) services were considered independent variables. A Prais-Winsten model was used to estimate the outcome trend, and α < 0.05 was adopted. Results: We observed a mean increase of 1.81 hospitalizations for atherosclerosis per 100 000 inhabitants annually (p = 0.002) in Brazil. This growth was evidenced in the Northeast (p < 0.001), Southeast (p = 0.003), and South (p < 0.001) regions, being stable in the North (p = 0.057) and Midwest (p = 0.62) regions. Men presented twice the growth in hospitalizations from the fifth decade of life on (p < 0.01). An inversely proportional relationship was observed for PHC coverage (B = -0.71; p < 0.001) and the proportion of FHS services (B = -0.59; p < 0.001) with the rate of admissions due to atherosclerosis in Brazil. Conclusions: Although hospitalizations for atherosclerotic complications are increasing in Brazil, they present regional and individual gender and age discrepancies, as well as a mitigating effect exerted by PHC coverage.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care/methods , Atherosclerosis/complications , Atherosclerosis/prevention & control , Brazil/epidemiology , Time Series Studies , Environmental Health , Ecological Studies , Atherosclerosis/epidemiology
5.
Rev. Med. (São Paulo, Impr.) ; 101(6): e-174413, nov.-dez. 2022.
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1416903

ABSTRACT

O microambiente das células-tronco hematopoiéticas é responsável por coordenar diversos eventos envolvidos na produção de células sanguíneas. Essa renovação hematopoiética só é possível graças às interações e sinalizações bem ordenadas que mantém a harmonia do tecido. Nas leucemias ocorre ruptura nesses mecanismos de controle e ocorre processo de transformação leucêmica do microambiente, de forma a favorecer a manutenção neoplásica do tecido sanguíneo. O objetivo deste estudo foi expor o processo de transformação leucêmica do microambiente, no âmbito das modificações celulares e moleculares sofridas para sustentar o tumor. Trata-se de um artigo de revisão narrativa e as bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO, Cocrahne Library e MedLine foram consultadas em busca de publicações dos últimos anos sobre o tema. Os dados apresentados contribuem para o entendimento holístico acerca das leucemias. A transformação leucêmica, seja por mutações primárias nos componentes do microambiente ou pelo sequestro de suas funções normais pelas células iniciadoras de leucemia, é relevante para que ocorra a instalação, a progressão, a disseminação e a quimiorresistência tumoral. Por meio da atuação de vários componentes este microambiente sustenta as células-tronco leucêmicas e representa caminho promissor para o desenvolvimento de novas terapias antileucêmicas


The microenvironment of hematopoietic stem cells is responsible for coordinating several events involved with the production of blood cells. This hematopoietic renewal is only possible thanks to the well-ordered interactions and signals that maintain tissue harmony. In leukemias, the control mechanisms break down and the leukemic transformation of the microenvironment occurs, thus favoring the neoplastic maintenance of blood tissue. From this perspective, this study aimed to investigate the microenvironment transformation process within the scope of cellular and molecular changes that support tumor progression. It is a narrative review article in which the Pubmed, SciELO, Cochrane Library, and MedLine databases were consulted in search of recent publications that addressed the proposed subject. The data obtained contribute to a more holistic understanding of leukemias. The leukemic transformation, either by primary mutations in the microenvironment components or through the sequestration of its normal functions by leukemia-initiating cells, is relevant for tumor establishment, progression, dissemination, and chemoresistance. Through the action of various components, this microenvironment supports leukemic stem cells and represents a promising path for developing new antileukemic therapies.

6.
J. vasc. bras ; 21: e20210011, 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1360566

ABSTRACT

Resumo Contexto O pé diabético é uma complicação do diabetes melito (DM), sendo a maior causa de amputação dos membros inferiores. Objetivos Avaliar a prática de medidas de autocuidado com os pés, segundo sexo e escolaridade, em pacientes portadores de DM na região nordeste no estado da Bahia. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, observacional, analítico, transversal, realizado com 88 pacientes portadores de DM, em consulta de rotina, de fevereiro a março de 2020. A coleta de dados foi executada através da aplicação de questionários socioeconômico e do autocuidado com os pés (conhecimento sobre pé diabético, hábitos de cuidado/inspeção dos pés e procura pela Unidade de Saúde na presença de alterações com a saúde dos pés). Resultados Do total, 58% dos indivíduos desconhecia o termo "pé diabético", porém possuíam cuidados mínimos adequados com os pés, como inspecioná-los (60,2%), hidratá-los (65,9%), não andar descalço (81,8%) e cortar as unhas (92%), apesar de 90,9% não utilizar sapatos considerados adequados. Houve relação entre menor nível de escolaridade e pior desempenho nas questões referentes a andar descalço, hidratar os pés, cortar as unhas, usar calçados adequados e identificar micoses (p < 0,05), porém não houve associação da realização das medidas de autocuidado e sexo. Conclusão Os portadores de DM entrevistados não realizaram todas as medidas de autocuidado com os pés e desconheciam o termo "pé diabético". Houve associação entre menor escolaridade e menor capacidade de realização dessas medidas, o que sugere que o letramento em saúde seria importante para melhoria desse autocuidado, contribuindo para diminuição de complicações e amputações dos pés.


Abstract Background The diabetic foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and is the most common cause of lower limb amputation. Objectives To assess foot self-care practices by sex and educational level in DM patients from the Northeast of Brazil, state of Bahia. Methods This was a quantitative, cross-sectional, observational, analytical study with 88 DM patients seen at routine consultations from February to March of 2020. Data were collected using questionnaires on socioeconomic data and self-care of feet (knowledge about the diabetic foot, habits related to care/inspection of feet, and visits to the Healthcare Center when changes to foot health are detected). Results 58% of the sample did not know the term "diabetic foot", but a majority did perform minimum adequate foot care practices, such as inspecting feet (60.2%), moisturizing feet (65.9%), avoiding walking barefoot (81.8%), and trimming toenails (92%), although 90.9% did not wear footwear considered appropriate. There was a relationship between lower educational level and worse performance in questions relating to walking barefoot, moisturizing feet, trimming toenails, wearing appropriate footwear, and identifying mycoses (p < 0.05), but there was no association between performing self-care activities and sex. Conclusions Interviewed patientswith DM did not perform all foot self-care activities and did not know what the term "diabetic foot" means. There was an association between lower educational level and reduced capacity to perform these activities, which suggests that health literacy is important to improve self-care of feet, contributing to reduce complications and foot amputations.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Self Care/methods , Diabetic Foot/epidemiology , Diabetes Complications/prevention & control , Health Education , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Analytical Epidemiology
7.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 32: 32211, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1426444

ABSTRACT

A dor neuropática é causada por uma lesão ou doença do sistema nervoso somatossensitivo. Trata-se de uma manifestação sindrômica que envolve mecanismos inflamatórios e imunes com fisiopatologia ainda pouco esclarecida. O espectro de apresentação da dor neuropática é amplo e, assim, constitui um desafio na prática clínica. Este problema de saúde pública necessita de ampla capacidade técnica dos clínicos generalistas. Torna-se relevante identificar o potencial de cronificação do sintoma e adotar abordagens mitigantes do processo lesivo, estrutural e emocional. Nesse sentido, o diagnóstico adequado da dor neuropática é o primeiro passo na abordagem ao paciente. Diante disso, essa revisão objetiva facilitar a melhor escolha dos métodos diagnósticos no manejo clínico do paciente. Dentre estes, é possível citar a imagem por ressonância magnética funcional, eletroneuromiografia, tomografia por emissão de pósitrons, microneurografia, teste quantitativo sensorial, biópsias de pele, estudos de condução nervosa e de potencial somatossensorial evocado. A dor, por ser um processo sensorial subjetivo, apresenta amplo espectro de manifestações clínicas. Por essa razão, é possível fazer uso de técnicas como métodos de triagem e exames complementares para um diagnóstico mais específico.


Neuropathic pain is caused by an injury or illness of the somatosensory nervous system. It is a syndromic manifestation that involves inflammatory and immune mechanisms, whose pathophysiology is still poorly understood. The spectrum of presentation of neuropathic pain is wide and, therefore, it is a challenge in clinical practice. This public health problem requires the broad technical capacity of general practitioners. It is relevant to identify the potential for chronicity of the symptom and adopt mitigating approaches to the harmful, structural, and emotional process. In this sense, the proper diagnosis of neuropathic pain is the first step in approaching the patient. Therefore, this review aims to facilitate the best choice of diagnostic methods in the clinical management of the patient. Among these, functional magnetic resonance imaging, electroneuromyography, positron emission tomography, microneurography, quantitative sensory testing, skin biopsies, nerve conduction and evoked somatosensory potential studies are possible. Pain, being a subjective sensory process, has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. For this reason, it is possible to make use of techniques such as screening methods and complementary exams for a more specific diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Somatosensory Cortex , Central Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Chronic Pain/diagnosis , Nervous System/physiopathology , Parasympathetic Nervous System , Central Nervous System , Triage , Neuroimaging/methods , Nerve Conduction Studies
8.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 67(2): 335-343, Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1287820

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to highlight the differences between the cardiometabolic effects and the cardiovascular risk of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. METHODS: A narrative bibliographic review was conducted. In the research, national and international articles were selected from the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases using the descriptors "sedentary lifestyle, cardiovascular risk, physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and cardiovascular risks." DISCUSSION: Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are related to metabolic and organic changes, promoting a chronic proinflammatory state, cardiac remodeling, increased body adiposity, and skeletal muscle dysfunction. It is possibly stated that both of them result in a higher risk of developing chronic diseases, resulting in higher global and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, with nuances in their intrinsic effects. CONCLUSIONS: It is inferred that both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are cardiovascular risk factors that can be modified with the correct clinical approach. It is necessary to differentiate physically inactive individuals from those with a high number of sedentary behaviors. These concepts need better clinical applicability to improve the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular risks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Sedentary Behavior , Exercise , Risk Factors , Heart Disease Risk Factors
9.
Epidemiol. serv. saúde ; 30(2): e2020490, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286335

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Determinar a concordância entre os instrumentos de mensuração short test of functional health literacy in adults (S-TOFHLA) e short assessment of health literacy for Portuguese-speaking adults (SAHLPA-18) como estratégia para estimar a validade concorrente. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para testar a validade concorrente, aplicou-se abordagem de concordância com teste de Kappa ponderado para dados qualitativos. Resultados: Participaram 372 indivíduos, dos quais 66% e 62% não apresentaram nível de letramento adequado, segundo o SAHLPA-18 e o S-TOFHLA, respectivamente. Observou-se correlação forte entre os instrumentos (p<0,001; r=0,60); e a concordância de acertos encontrada, 65,3% (Kappa=0,35; p<0,001), foi considerada fraca. Conclusão: Os instrumentos SAHLPA-18 e S-TOFHLA apresentam constructos diferentes e fraca concordância. É indicado o uso de diferentes instrumentos em pesquisas de mensuração do nível de letramento; e desenvolvimento de instrumentos específicos às condições de saúde que permitam obter resultado próximo ao real contexto dos indivíduos.


Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia entre instrumentos de medición psicométrica short test of functional health literacy in adults (S-TOFHLA) y short assessment of health literacy for portuguese-speaking adults (SAHLPA-18) como estrategia para estimar la validez concurrente. Métodos: estudio transversal realizado con usuarios del Sistema Único de Salud. Para testear la validez concurrente se aplicó un enfoque de concordancia con una prueba ponderada de Kappa para datos cualitativos. Resultados: participaron 372 individuos. Se encontró que 66% y 62% de estos no tenía un nivel adecuado de letramiento según SAHLPA-18 y S-TOFHLA, respectivamente. Hubo una fuerte correlación entre los instrumentos (p<0.001; r=0.60), sin embargo 65.3% de concordancia, se consideró débil (Kappa=0.35; p<0.001). Conclusión: Los instrumentos SAHLPA-18 y S-TOFHLA tienen diferentes construcciones y escasa concordancia. En la investigación se indica el uso de diferentes instrumentos para medir el nivel de letramiento y el desarrollo de instrumentos específicos a las condiciones de salud que permitan obtener resultados cercanos al contexto real de los individuos.


Objetivo: To determine agreement between the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (S-TOFHLA) and the Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults (SAHLPA-18) measurement instruments as a strategy for estimating concurrent validity. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with users of the Brazilian National Health System. An agreement approach using a weighted Kappa test for qualitative data was applied in order to test for concurrent validity. Results: 372 individuals participated. It was found that 66% and 62% of them did not have an adequate level of literacy according to SAHLPA-18 and S-TOFHLA, respectively. There was strong correlation between the instruments (p<0.001; r=0.60), although the 65.3% agreement of correct answers found was considered weak (Kappa=0.35; p<0.001). Conclusion: The SAHLPA-18 and S-TOFHLA instruments have different constructs and poor agreement. Use of different instruments is indicated in research intended to measure level of literacy, as is the development of instruments specific to health conditions that allow results close to the real context of individuals to be obtained.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Health Education/trends , Reproducibility of Results , Health Literacy/trends , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Data Accuracy , Noncommunicable Diseases/classification
10.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 34(3)2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292168

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: A avaliação do volume intravascular e da fluido-responsividade é uma condição desafiadora no manejo de pacientes críticos. Os métodos diagnósticos precisam garantir segurança, reprodutibilidade e praticidade no monitoramento hemodinâmico. Objetivo: Descrever a aplicabilidade dos índices ultrassonográficos da veia cava inferior na avaliação do volume intravascular e na predição da fluido-responsividade em pacientes críticos. Método: Trata-se de revisão sistemática realizada por meio das bases de dados PubMed®, Lilacs e SciELO nos 5 anos anteriores. Os descritores utilizados foram "inferior vena cava", "ultrasonography", "fluid-responsiveness" e "volume status". Resultados: Foram selecionados 13 artigos compatíveis com os objetivos deste estudo. O índice de colapsibilidade da veia cava inferior variou de 25% a 50% como ponto de corte para definição de hipovolemia. Além disso, apresentou aplicabilidade na predição da fluido-responsividade em pacientes sob respiração espontânea, com pontos de corte variando de 25% a 57%. Em cenários de ventilação mecânica, o índice de distensibilidade da veia cava inferior mostrou-se mais eficaz, quando comparado às demais medidas, para predição de fluido-responsividade, mas foi encontrada variação de 10,2% a 20,5%. O índice diâmetro da veia cava inferior/diâmetro da artéria aorta foi especialmente útil na população pediátrica para definição do volume intravascular, mas em adultos existiram muitas divergências quanto à sua aplicabilidade. Conclusão: A avaliação do volume intravascular e da fluido-responsividade por meio dos índices ultrassonográficos da veia cava inferior apresenta aplicabilidade e segurança no diagnóstico e no monitoramento da instabilidade hemodinâmica. Entretanto, são necessários estudos de padronização de valores em razão das divergências quanto aos pontos de corte utilizados em cada índice.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adult , Vena Cava, Inferior/diagnostic imaging , Blood Volume/physiology , Critical Care/methods , Fluid Therapy , Predictive Value of Tests , Hemodynamic Monitoring/methods
11.
J. vasc. bras ; 19: e20190150, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135080

ABSTRACT

Resumo A vitamina D (1,25-dihidroxicolecalciferol) é um pró-hormônio que tem despertado a atenção de pesquisadores após estudos demonstrarem que seus efeitos não estão restritos ao metabolismo ósseo. Assim, a presente revisão sintetiza os achados mais recentes e discute a utilidade da prescrição de vitamina D e seus análogos no tratamento e prevenção de afecções cardiovasculares e disfunção endotelial. Este trabalho consiste em uma revisão narrativa da literatura feita a partir da seleção de artigos publicados no período de 2012 a 2019. Estudos demonstraram efeitos benéficos da vitamina D3 e seus análogos sobre a função endotelial; no entanto, tais resultados mostram-se controversos, visto que pesquisas com maior amostragem e duração não encontraram redução na morbimortalidade ou nos fatores de risco cardiovascular após o uso de tais substâncias. Frente ao estado atual da arte, não existe embasamento científico claro para suplementação de vitamina D ou seus análogos para tratamento de disfunção endotelial ou doenças cardiovasculares.


Abstract Vitamin D (1,25-dihydroxycolecalciferol) is a prohormone that has attracted the interest of researchers since studies have shown that its effects are not restricted to bone metabolism. Thus, the present review summarizes the most recent findings and discusses the usefulness of prescribing vitamin D and its analogues for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disorders and endothelial dysfunction. The paper constitutes a narrative review of the literature, selecting articles published from 2012 to 2019. Studies have shown that vitamin D3 and its analogues have beneficial effects on endothelial function, but these results are controversial, since research with larger samples and of longer duration found no reduction in morbidity and mortality or cardiovascular risk factors after use of these substances. Given the current state of the art, there is no clear scientific basis for supplementation with vitamin D or its analogues for treatment of endothelial dysfunction or cardiovascular disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Vitamin D/therapeutic use , Cardiovascular Diseases/drug therapy , Dietary Supplements , Vitamin D/pharmacology , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Endothelium/pathology , Heart Disease Risk Factors
12.
Audiol., Commun. res ; 25: e2246, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1131798

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as características socioeconômicas e o perfil de saúde auditiva de trabalhadores rurais do semiárido nordestino. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo transversal descritivo, realizado com 88 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, que executavam atividades em meio rural há, pelo menos, um ano. A primeira etapa do estudo correspondeu à aplicação de questionários a respeito do perfil socioeconômico e de saúde; a segunda etapa consistiu na avaliação audiológica dos trabalhadores rurais. Resultados Observou-se diferença significativa entre os indivíduos com resultado normal e perda auditiva na audiometria, de acordo com o gênero, faixa etária, jornada de trabalho e dificuldade auditiva. Além disso, verificou-se correlação positiva entre os valores das audiometrias e a idade dos pacientes, em todas as frequências analisadas, principalmente nas mais agudas. Conclusão As características inerentes ao trabalho no campo podem afetar negativamente a saúde auditiva. É importante conhecer a realidade da população rural, na perspectiva de garantir não só o diagnóstico situacional, mas também medidas de promoção, proteção e prevenção referentes à saúde auditiva desses trabalhadores.


ABSTRACT Purpose Analyze the socioeconomic characteristics and the hearing health profile of rural workers in the semiarid Northeast. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study conducted with 88 individuals of both sexes who performed activities in rural areas for at least one year. The first stage of the study corresponded to the application of questionnaires regarding the socioeconomic and health profile, the second stage consisted of the audiological assessment of rural workers. Results A significant difference was observed between individuals with normal results and hearing loss in audiometry according to gender, age group, working hours and hearing impairment. In addition, a positive correlation was observed between the values of the audiometry and the age of the patients, in all frequencies analyzed, but mainly in the higher frequencies. Conclusion The present study established the audiometric and socioeconomic profile of rural workers and demonstrated that the characteristics inherent to working in the field can negatively affect hearing health. It is important to know the reality of this population from the perspective of guaranteeing not only the situational diagnosis, but also measures to promote, protect and prevent hearing health among agricultural workers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Audiometry , Socioeconomic Factors , Health Profile , Rural Health , Audiology , Persons With Hearing Impairments , Health of the Disabled , Farmers , Quality of Life , Rural Population , Brazil , Risk Factors , Health Promotion
13.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 51(1): 58-64, 30/03/2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1008206

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: A sedimentoscopia apresenta atividade manual acentuada, pouca uniformidade e maiores custos aos laboratórios. Em diversos países é utilizado o emprego seletivo da sedimentoscopia em amostras de rotina de urina com normalidade nas etapas físico-químicas, no Brasil não ocorre uma abordagem nesse modelo. Assim, é importante avaliar a aplicabilidade do emprego seletivo da sedimentoscopia tendo em vista o custo-benefício na análise da rotina de urina. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo analítico descritivo através de resultados de exames de urina de indivíduos do município de Paulo Afonso ­ BA. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste de qui-quadrado e o valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: A partir dos resultados referentes aos 2.607 exames de urina de rotina analisados, foi observado que 66% das mostras não apresentaram alterações físico-químicas. Destas amostras com análise físico-química sem alterações, 12,89% compreenderam alteração na análise sedimentoscópica e, dentre os elementos analisados, a presença de piócitos foi a anormalidade que apresentou maior incidência. O valor preditivo negativo referente aos elementos encontrados na sedimentoscopia de urina com análise físico-química sem alterações foi de 86%. Conclusão: Apesar do considerável valor preditivo negativo, o valor de alterações encontradas em urinas com análise físico-química normal é relevante e expõe a necessidade da realização dessa etapa no exame de rotina de urina. A utilização seletiva da sedimentoscopia deve ser adotada de maneira crítica, pois é necessária uma avaliação minuciosa dos riscos relacionados à saúde do paciente e à qualidade do exame.


Objective: Sediment microscopy is a markedly manual activity, with poor uniformity and high labor costs. In several countries, the selective use of sediment microscopy for routine urine samples with normal physicochemical results is used, in Brazil, an approach in this model does not occur. It is therefore important to evaluate the applicability of a selective use of sediment microscopy in Brazil, taken from the view of cost-benefit analysis. Methods: A descriptive analytical study was carried out using results of urine exams from individuals in the city of Paulo Afonso/BA. The chi-square test was used for analysis and the value of p <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: From the results of the 2607 routine urine tests analyzed, 1722 samples presented no physicochemical alterations. Of these samples with physicochemical analysis without alterations, 12.89% presented alterations during sediment analysis and among the elements analyzed the presence of pyocytes was the abnormality that presented higher incidence. The negative predictive value for the urine elements found during sediment microscopy of the normal physicochemical analyses was 86%. Conclusion: Despite the considerable negative predictive value, the value of alterations found in urines with normal physicochemical analysis is relevant and exposes the need to perform this step in the routine urinalysis. Since a thorough evaluation of the risks linked to the patient's health and quality examination


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Urine , Urinalysis , Microscopy
14.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 65(2): 240-245, Feb. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-990336

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital heart disease characterized by a narrowing that occurs in the aortic artery. This constriction can occur anywhere along its entire length; however, it is more common between the origin of the left subclavian artery and the ductus arteriosus. Its incidence corresponds to 3 cases per 10,000 births. Thus, it is a common cardiopathy, but with high mortality and morbidity rates, which are related to a failure in the early diagnosis. METHOD: In the research, articles of the national and international literature in Pubmed, Scielo and Lilacs databases were selected using the following descriptors: coarctation, aorta, diagnosis, heart diseases, congenital abnormalities. RESULTS: The pathophysiology of CoA and its systemic implications in the life of newborn and adults are well elucidated. However, due to the lack of habit to palpate pulses and to check the blood pressure in both upper and lower limbs during the physical examination, it is still a pathology little diagnosed in childhood. There are several techniques used in the repair of coarctation, each with their specifics, although, when not treated, aneurysms, heart failure, coronary diseases, and stroke are the main complications arising from the evolution of this pathology, which explains the low survival rate of these patients. CONCLUSION: Coarctation of the aorta is, therefore, a cardiac malformation of significant importance due to its incidence and its significant mortality risk. In this sense, the early diagnosis stands out as an essential piece for better prognosis of the patient.


RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: A coarctação da aorta é uma cardiopatia congênita caracterizada por um estreitamento que ocorre na artéria aorta. Essa constrição pode ocorrer em qualquer local ao longo de toda a sua extensão, entretanto, é mais comum entre a origem da artéria subclávia esquerda e o ducto arterioso. Sua incidência corresponde a três casos a cada 10.000 nascimentos, sendo, desse modo, uma cardiopatia comum, porém com elevada taxa de mortalidade e morbidade, as quais estão relacionadas à falha no diagnóstico precoce. MÉTODOS: Este artigo trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa da literatura. Na pesquisa foram selecionados artigos na literatura nacional e internacional nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: coarctação, aorta, diagnóstico, cardiopatias, anormalidades congênitas. RESULTADOS: A fisiopatologia da coarctação da aorta e as implicações sistêmicas dessa cardiopatia na vida do recém-nascido e do adulto estão bem elucidadas. Entretanto, devido à falta de costume em palpar pulsos e aferir a pressão arterial nos membros superiores e inferiores durante o exame físico, ainda é uma patologia pouco diagnosticada na infância. Existem diversas técnicas utilizadas no reparo da coarctação, cada uma com suas especificidades, porém, quando não tratada, aneurismas, insuficiência cardíaca, coronariopatias e acidentes vasculares encefálicos são as principais complicações provenientes da evolução dessa patologia, o que explica uma baixa sobrevida desses pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A coarctação da aorta é, portanto, uma malformação cardíaca de importância relevante devido a sua incidência e ao seu potencial risco de mortalidade. Nesse sentido, o diagnóstico precoce destaca-se como peça fundamental para um melhor prognóstico do paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aortic Coarctation/diagnosis , Aortic Coarctation/surgery , Aortic Coarctation/physiopathology , Early Diagnosis
15.
Appl. cancer res ; 37: 1-6, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, Inca | ID: biblio-915122

ABSTRACT

Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and risk of leukemia transformation. There is evidence to suggest the participation of immune system deregulation in MDS pathogenesis. Interleukin-32 (IL-32) is a newly described multifunctional cytokine reported as an important mediator in autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In the present study, we reported the expression of IL32 and IL32 transcript variants (α, ß, γ and δ) in peripheral blood CD3+ cells from healthy controls and MDS patients. Methods: CD3+ cells were isolated by immunomagnetic cell sorting from thirty-nine untreated MDS patients and twenty-nine healthy donors. Gene expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR. For statistical analysis, Mann­Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunns post test and Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) were used, as appropriate. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: IL32 expression and IL32 transcript variants IL32α, IL32ß, IL32γ, and IL32δ, were similar in peripheral blood CD3+ cells from healthy donors and MDS patients. Increased IL-32α expression was an independent predictor for MDS disease progression by univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusions: We observed that IL32 expression is not differently expressed in CD3+ cells from MDS patients; nevertheless IL32α has a potential role in disease progression (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Myelodysplastic Syndromes , Multivariate Analysis , Interleukins , CD3 Complex , Disease Progression , Immune System
17.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 38(2): 141-146, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787672

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The rapid increase in the aged population has resulted in a growing number of cases of chronic diseases. This increase is an important demographic change that low- and middle-income countries have to face and poses a new challenge to health services. One of the first steps to formulate public policies is to understand the reality of each country's aging population. This study describes the prevalence of anemia, hypertension and diabetes and the overall health status in pre-elderly and elderly subjects enrolled in two primary health care clinics, Eldorado and Piraporinha, in the city of Diadema, São Paulo. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 373 participants. Clinical data were collected from patient charts and the degree of disability and common mental disorders, as well as demographic data were obtained by interviews. RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was approximately 11% and hypertension was 70% and 81% in Eldorado and Piraporinha, respectively. The frequency of diabetes was 52% in Eldorado and 30% in Piraporinha. The subjects of both health care clinics reported having difficulties in some of their daily physical and instrumental activities, with physical symptoms and emotional disorders. CONCLUSION: Anemia, hypertension and diabetes are prevalent in the studied population, and patients showed degrees of dependency and impaired health status.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Anemia , Diabetes Mellitus , Erythrocyte Indices , Hypertension , Mental Disorders , Quality of Life
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